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Meanwhile, in Norway, Simula was developed during the years 1961–1967.cite-ref-simuladev-14-1[14] Simula introduced essential object-oriented ideas, such as classes, inheritance, and dynamic binding.cite-ref-auto-16-0[16] Simula was used mainly by researchers involved with physical modelling, like the movement of ships and their content through cargo ports.cite-ref-auto-16-1[16] Simula is generally accepted as being the first language with the primary features and framework of an object-oriented language.cite-ref-17[17]

I thought of objects being like biological cells and/or individual computers on a network, only able to communicate with messages (so messaging came at the very beginning – it took a while to see how to do messaging in a programming language efficiently enough to be useful).

Alan Kay,

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